• Recently a G protein coupled

  2022-01-30

  

  Recently, a G-protein-coupled receptor, GPR109a, was identified as a molecular target for niacin. Following this breakthrough, our group initiated a drug discovery program focused on the development of a high affinity ‘flush-free’ niacin-like agonist. Previously, we reported on the identification of

• During pain signal transmission glutamate is released into t

  2022-01-30

  

  During pain signal transmission, glutamate is released into the synaptic cleft, which, in turn, causes activation of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors and hence neurotransmission across the synapse occurs. The synaptic concentration and resultant activity of glutamate are controlled by excitator

• There are two ways to transport FFAs

  2022-01-30

  

  There are two ways to transport FFAs into cells. First by passive diffusion. Second as the putative long-chain fatty ap5 transporters are proposed, CD36 the plasma membrane-associated fatty acid-binding protein (FABPpm) and fatty acid transport proteins (FATP) [11], where CD36 is responsible for upt

• Recent studies suggest that the biological importance of end

  2022-01-30

  

  Recent studies suggest that the biological importance of endogenous ghrelin becomes accentuated during exposure to more metabolically-constrained and stressful environments. Indeed, mice lacking either ghrelin or GHSR demonstrate impaired ability to adapt metabolically and/or behaviorally to caloric

• Isoflurane administration during i t

  2022-01-30

  

  Isoflurane administration during i.t. procedures can complicate the interpretation of our results since isoflurane has been shown to have both neuroprotective and neurotoxic effects (Jiang et al., 2017). Isoflurane pretreatment has been implicated as having protective effects in ischemia in animal m

• Interestingly transgenic mice that constitutively

  2022-01-30

  

  Interestingly, transgenic mice that constitutively express active FXR in the intestine (iVP16FXR) are protected from chemically-induced and genetically-induced cholestasis. This protective effect is attributed to the induction of intestinal FGF15 and repression of hepatic Cyp7a1 expression, downregu

• Overall we partially confirmed our predictions and

  2022-01-29

  

  Overall, we partially confirmed our predictions, and, when compared to the other existing dataset exploring the interaction among CRFR1, FAAH, and anxiety, our data are somewhat confirmatory. Demers and colleagues (Demers et al., 2016) found one (protective) CRFR1 minor allele (rs110402) and the (le

• br Formation of secretory vesicles and

  2022-01-29

  

  Formation of secretory vesicles and trafficking toward plasma membrane Insulin and other components of the secretory granules are sorting and providing certain cues for risedronic acid off the adjacent TGN membrane, forming immature secretory clathrin coated vesicles (Gehart and Ricci, 2013). Bi

• br Although there are growing bodies of research dealing

  2022-01-29

  

  Although there are growing bodies of research dealing with diverse non-imidazole based compounds, they are not free from obstacles in their development pipeline and hence the design of these compounds is complicated by various factors briefly discussed below. One of the problems in designing H3R a

• Unlike many interacting proteins NRG was

  2022-01-29

  

  Unlike many interacting proteins, NRG1 was the only one observed to undergo cleavage by NS3/4A. NRG1 is one of four proteins in the neuregulin family that act on the ErbB member of the EGFR (EGF receptor) family. NRG1 has several isoforms produced by alternative splicing of pro-NRG1, which allows it

• In addition to changes in

  2022-01-29

  

  In addition to changes in the Rho isoforms, all Rac isoforms, including the constitutively active splice variant of Rac1, Rac1b, are overexpressed in various tumors and accumulating evidence indicates that they play an important role in the metastatic potential of cancer pten inhibitor (Chan et al.,

• Acknowledgments We would like to thank Dr Greg

  2022-01-29

  

  Acknowledgments We would like to thank Dr. Greg Morriello, Mr. Lehua Chang, Mr. Chris Moyes and Mr. Nam Fung Kar for intermediate 3 syntheses. Cheng Zhu would like to thank Dr. Milana Maletic, Mr. Kake Zhao and Mrs. Wanying Sun for helpful discussions. Introduction Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-

• br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion

  2022-01-29

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion ENU mutagenesis is a powerful approach to identify novel genes or ISRIB to dissect the molecular basis of mammalian immune system (Siggs, 2014). T cells are critical components in the host defense against pathogens, and their activity has to be prec

• Capillary monolithic columns obtained by in

  2022-01-29

  

  Capillary monolithic columns obtained by in situ polymerization have been developed rapidly as an efficient chromatographic stationary phase, which exhibits excellent reproducibility, reliable stability and fast transfer kinetics [18]. Recently, it has been extensively applied in capillary liquid ch

• Results indicated that superfusion of orexin

  2022-01-29

  

  Results indicated that superfusion of orexin alone, glutamate alone or orexin-glutamate co-administration significantly increases the spontaneous discharge rate of LC neurons in both morphine dependent and non-dependent rats (Fig. 2, Fig. 3). However, co-application of orexin and glutamate resulted

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