• Some biguanides can cross the mitochondrial membrane and inc

  2022-05-13

  

  Some biguanides can cross the mitochondrial membrane and increase L-lactate formation by inhibiting oxidative trp channel [34]. On the other hand, it has also been reported that levels of fasting plasma lactate in T2DM patients are similar regardless of whether or not metformin is administered [35]

• br Other Functions of HCA Receptors

  2022-05-13

  

  Other Functions of HCA Receptors HCA receptors, in particular HCA1, are expressed in various primary tumor SM-406 synthesis 77, 78, 79. This is of interest, as most solid tumors show increased glucose uptake and lactate formation even under normoxic conditions, with lactate concentrations in the

• br Funding This work was partially supported by the

  2022-05-13

  

  Funding This work was partially supported by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, award R00AA021264, startup funds from the Department of Immunology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, and the Office of Research and Economic Development at FIU, and pilot funds from Dr. Werth

• NEIL interacts with many DNA replication proteins including

  2022-05-13

  

  NEIL1 interacts with many DNA replication proteins including flap-endonuclease 1 (FEN-1), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and Werner RecQ helicase (WRN) through its disordered C-terminal part. One study showed that in in vitro condition, NEIL1 binds to the damaged tropisetron in an RPA-c

• br Materials and methods br Results br

  2022-05-13

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Since 1990s, solving structures for most DNA glycosylases by X-ray crystallography significantly advanced mechanistic understanding of the catalytic activity and substrate specificity of this important class of DNA repair enzymes. However, static str

• The glycine receptor is an ionotropic neurotransmitter recep

  2022-05-13

  

  The glycine receptor is an ionotropic neurotransmitter receptor coupled to a chloride ion channel. Glycine receptors are typically described as inhibitory and distributed in the spinal cord and brainstem, though mRNA transcription labelling studies in rats show expression in the hippocampus, cingula

• Increasing evidence has shown that blockade of glutamate

  2022-05-13

  

  Increasing evidence has shown that blockade of glutamate uptake leads to aberrant behavioral consequences. For example, intracerebroventricular (i.c.v) injection or microinjection of the GLT-1 inhibitor, dihydrokainic ddr1 receptor (DHK), into the prefrontal cortex induces anhedonia [8,9]. Microinj

• Epidemiological evidence indicates that neuroinflammation pl

  2022-05-13

  

  Epidemiological evidence indicates that neuroinflammation plays a pivotal role in pathogenesis of AD (Heneka et al., 2015, Heneka et al., 2013, Holmes et al., 2009, Liu et al., 2016). For example, prolonged treatment with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs reduces the risk of developing AD (In et

• The bFGF induced upregulation of both GR and MR levels

  2022-05-13

  

  The bFGF-induced upregulation of both GR and MR levels observed in our study raises a question regarding whether the simultaneous augmentation of the two receptors has a physiological and/or medical significance. It has been suggested that MR stimulates intracellular signaling pathways to minimize s

• Phylogenetic trees of receptors for peptides similar to

  2022-05-13

  

  Phylogenetic trees of receptors for peptides similar to glucagon from diverse vertebrate species typically are similar to the tree presented in Fig. 3 (Sivarajah et al., 2001, Chow et al., 2004, Irwin and Wong, 2005, Cardoso et al., 2005, Cardoso et al., 2006, Ng et al., 2010, Park et al., 2013, Hwa

• During the course of the development of aminothiazole

  2022-05-12

  

  During the course of the development of aminothiazole-derived small molecule GSMs, SGSM-36 (Fig. 1A) was discovered and exhibited good activity for suppressing the production of Aβ42 (Aβ42 IC50=63nM) (Rynearson et al., 2016; Wagner et al., 2014). In addition, SGSM-36 exhibited improved physicochemic

• Current studies have identified five orphan G

  2022-05-12

  

  Current studies have identified five orphan G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that can be activated by free fatty acids (FFAs), GPR40, GPR41, GPR43, GPR84, and GPR120. Short-chain fatty acids (FAs) are specific agonists of GPR41 and GPR43 [21] and middle-chain FAs agonize GPR84 [22]. Long-chain FAs

• To meet the requirement of ferroptosis based

  2022-05-12

  

  To meet the requirement of ferroptosis-based therapy, a couple of small molecule drugs and nanomaterials were introduced to the design of ferroptosis inducers, separately. As we know, iron is a key regulator of ferroptosis. When small molecule drugs are employed to induce ferroptosis, the endogenous

• Our results are consistent with

  2022-05-12

  

  Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that reduced Fas-mediated apoptosis in maternally activated T-lymphocytes could result in insufficient trophoblast invasion of the spiral calcitriol hormone as the activated T-lymphocytes become able to enhance the destruction of the cytotrophoblasts. A

• br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion In this

  2022-05-12

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion In this study, we demonstrated that, at the level of hREECs, blockade of the ETA receptor partially inhibited the effect of NPY on the secretion of ET-1. This suggests that the secreted ET-1 by NPY contributes, in part, to its own secretion via activ

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