• There might be a hedgehog dilemma in

  2022-06-23

  

  There might be a hedgehog dilemma in a broad class of games, but this paper focuses on the case where players only care about : the distance between their attitudes. Here we generalize the main example of a quadratic loss function. So, player ’s payoff is higher when the distance is closer to ’s

• br STAR Methods br Acknowledgments We thank Prof

  2022-06-23

  

  STAR★Methods Acknowledgments We thank Prof. Y. Tomari at the University of Tokyo for experimental advice and K. Hanada for technical assistance. This research was supported by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas “Nascent Chain Biology” (JP15H01548 and JP17H05677 to T.I. a

• br Acknowledgments br Introduction Guanosine cyclic

  2022-06-23

  

  Acknowledgments Introduction Guanosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) is a signaling molecule with key roles in diverse (patho) physiological responses and processes in numerous prokaryotes and all eukaryotes. The number of reports stating the role of cGMP in different processes in plants i

• Lactate induced GPR activation was confirmed with a fluorime

  2022-06-23

  

  Lactate-induced GPR81 activation was confirmed with a fluorimetric imaging plate reader (FLIPR) assay, in which lactate induced a [Ca2+] flux in CHO cells stably expressing Gqi5 and HA-GPR81 but not vector control (Fig. 1C). The EC50 of lactate in the FLIPR assay was 4.3±0.73mM, a value well within

• br Declaration of interest br

  2022-06-23

  

  Declaration of interest Acknowledgments This work was supported by grants from the Polish National Science Centre (PRELUDIUM grant no. 2013/11/N/NZ5/00270) and the European Commission FP7 Project Beta-JUDO (grant number 279 153), European Union EIT Health project DeTecT2D, Swedish Diabetes A

• Recently we suggested that KYNA an endogenous GPR

  2022-06-23

  

  Recently, we suggested that KYNA – an endogenous GPR35 agonist could be produced in a human cornea since we showed the presence of the enzymes that catalyze the synthesis of KYNA – kynurenine aminotransferases I-III in corneal epithelium, stroma and endothelium (). Therefore, these findings provided

• In conclusion GPR inhibits and GPR enhances

  2022-06-23

  

  In conclusion, GPR120 inhibits and GPR40 enhances the cell motile activity stimulated by TPA in melanoma cells, while MMP-9 activation was reduced by GPR40. In contrast, GPR40 negatively regulated cellular functions of fibrosarcoma PCP inhibitor [11]. Taken together, it is suggested that opposite ef

• Molecular modeling studies also revealed

  2022-06-23

  

  Molecular modeling studies also revealed insignificant differences in ligand-receptor interaction energies between R and S enantiomers of LPCs or their 2-OMe-analogues, suggesting that enantiomers of a particular structure should exert similar GPR119-mediated biological effect. Indeed, when studied

• Based on the molecular weights

  2022-06-23

  

  Based on the molecular weights of glutamate (147.13 g/mol) and MSG (169.111 g/mol), the amount of free glutamate intake obtained in this study was equivalent to 297 mg MSG/d and 370 mg MSG/d for children and adults, respectively. Several previous studies have assessed population intake of MSG from f

• To maintain low Glu concentrations in the synaptic cleft

  2022-06-23

  

  To maintain low Glu concentrations in the synaptic cleft below the affinity of its receptors, this amino cell tak is rapidly removed from the extracellular space by a family of sodium-dependent high-affinity transport systems located mainly in the plasma membrane of perisynaptic astrocytes, and in

• (+)-MK 801 Maleate mg br Galanin in depression A major imped

  2022-06-22

  

  Galanin in depression A major impediment in depression research is the lack of validated animals´ models. Animals not only lack consciousness of self, self-reflection and consideration of others but also hallmarks of the disorder such as depressed mood, low self-esteem or suicidal intent are hard

• The Hippo pathway has been well established as

  2022-06-22

  

  The Hippo pathway has been well established as a tumor suppressor pathway and is involved in many diverse biologic processes including cell growth, cell death, and organ size control in organisms, ranging from Drosophila to mammals [4]. Central to this pathway is a kinase cascade in which the Ste20-

• br Introduction In addition to

  2022-06-22

  

  Introduction In addition to glucose, which is the foremost stimulator of insulin secretion in beta-cells, other nutrients such as free fatty acids (also called non-esterified fatty acids, NEFA) contribute to glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). Glucose triggers the processes leading to in

• br Acknowledgments This research was supported by the Nation

  2022-06-22

  

  Acknowledgments This research was supported by the National Institutes of Health Grants GM58442 and GM084152, as well as the National Institutes of Health Predoctoral Training Grant 5T32GM008700-13. We thank Eric Oldfield (University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign) for providing the FDPS inhibitor

• Migration chemotaxis and trafficking of leukocytes including

  2022-06-22

  

  Migration, chemotaxis and trafficking of leukocytes, including eosinophils from the peripheral blood into the site of inflammation requires their adhesion to endothelial JNK-IN-8 (Ley et al., 2007). Despite ongoing research, the histamine effect on eosinophils adhesion to endothelium cells has not b

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