• GABA_A inhibitor CK is considered a central controller of ce

  2025-02-03

  

  CK is considered a central controller of cellular energy homeostasis that catalyzes the reversible transfer of a phosphoryl group from ATP to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and creatine to produce PCr [5]. This enzyme builds up a large pool of rapidly diffusing PCr for temporal and spatial buffering of

• In order to further explore whether the cytoprotective effec

  2025-02-03

  

  In order to further explore whether the cytoprotective effect of isogarcinol against oxidative stress in H2O2-induced HepG2 Okadaic acid is a consequence of the breakdown of the endogenous antioxidant defence mechanism, we measured the LDH release, MDA levels, GSH levels and SOD activity. A large b

• Due to anatomical and physiologic characteristics of the eye

  2025-02-03

  

  Due to anatomical and physiologic characteristics of the eye, administration of ophthalmic medicines is difficult and many studies showed that only approximately 5% of the administrated dose are absorbed by intraocular tissues, making the treatment unfeasible for diseases located in posterior segmen

• Additional evidence for a putative role

  2025-02-01

  

  Additional evidence for a putative role of COXs and 5-LOX in AD derives from pharmacological studies using inhibitors of these enzymes (for review, see Firuzi and Praticò, 2006). In addition to helping delineate the pathobiological mechanisms of AD, these results raise hope for discovering novel the

• br Introduction The vacuolar ATPases V ATPases are

  2025-02-01

  

  Introduction The vacuolar ATPases (V-ATPases) are ATP-driven proton pumps that play important roles in both normal and disease processes [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]. V-ATPases within cells function in such processes as intracellular membrane traffic, protein processing and degradation, coupled transp

• Apelin is a peptide hormone and an endogenous

  2025-01-31

  

  Apelin is a peptide hormone and an endogenous ligand for a G protein-coupled receptor named APJ [7], [8], and apelin and APJ are widely expressed in human organs including hypothalamus, heart, lungs, kidneys, adipose tissue, muscles, and others [9]. Apelin is initially synthesized as a 77-amino-acid

• br Introduction Androgens have been shown to regulate severa

  2025-01-31

  

  Introduction Androgens have been shown to regulate several neural functions ranging from reproduction to mood and cognitive abilities. This property starts as early as the perinatal period, which is characterized by prenatal and postnatal surges of gonadal testosterone, and continues through pube

• br Introduction Alzheimer s disease AD is a neurodegenerativ

  2025-01-31

  

  Introduction Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder and the leading cause of dementia. It is characterized by progressive and irreversible damage to different FAK Inhibitor 14 areas, resulting in cognitive impairment and behavioral changes (O'Neill, 2013, De Strooper and Karran

• The results of cell culture models were further supported

  2025-01-31

  

  The results of cell culture models were further supported by in vivo studies in mice treated with PXR and/or AhR agonists, PCN and β-NF. In these mice, AhR-regulated cyp1a1, and cyp1a2 were suppressed by PXR activation as determined by real time Q-PCR (Fig. 3). The level of PXR mRNA was not changed

• In fact serotonin is a major modulator

  2025-01-28

  

  In fact, serotonin is a major modulator of dopaminergic (DA) neuronal activity through the 5-HT2C receptor. Studies have shown that the selective 5-HT2C receptor agonist Ro60-0175 blocks the burst-firing of mesolimbic DA neurons, which project from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to the nucleus acc

• br Exocytosis of GLUT by autophagy br

  2025-01-27

  

  Exocytosis of GLUT4 by autophagy Conclusion Conflict of interest Ethics statement Antigen processing and presentation Adaptive immune response has to be instructed to identify and eliminate specific pathogens or foreign entities defined by their antigenic determinants. Processed anti

• Fourth non canonical sites may be targeted Classical benzodi

  2025-01-27

  

  Fourth, non-canonical sites may be targeted. Classical benzodiazepines require the presence of a γ subunit for high-affinity binding, which limits their activity to a specific large pool of receptor isoforms, leaving other isoforms unaffected. In particular, δ subunit-containing receptors, as well a

• The mitochondrial protein AIF was the first caspase independ

  2025-01-27

  

  The mitochondrial protein AIF was the first caspase-independent death effector. AIF can induce caspase-independent chromatin condensation and large-scale DNA fragmentation to approximately 50 KB. AIF that is released to cytoplasm can mediate apoptosis when special extracellular signals trigger the o

• We subsequently performed immunohistochemistry on sections o

  2025-01-27

  

  We subsequently performed immunohistochemistry on sections obtained from mice at 16 weeks after surgery. Type II collagen expression was detected in all articular cartilage zones, but was weak in the upper zone in the vehicle-treated group. MMP-13 and type X collagen expression were increased in the

• Growth inhibition assays are the

  2025-01-27

  

  Growth-inhibition assays are the most commonly used to identify antifungal small molecules. However, they have several facts that limit their use since many pathogenic fungi grow as filaments making difficult a correlation between growth and OD (optical density). They are not useful for identifying

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