• Previous studies demonstrate that chiral biointerface has gr

  2024-05-21

  

  Previous studies demonstrate that chiral biointerface has great influence on cells adhesion and proteins adsorption [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], which inspired us to further develop antimicrobial materials or surfaces by taking advantage of the “chiral taste” of microbes. L-borneol is a hydrophobic

• br Diabetic retinopathy Diabetic retinopathy is a severe

  2024-05-21

  

  Diabetic retinopathy Diabetic retinopathy is a severe sight-threatening complication associated with diabetes mellitus. It is one of the most common causes of preventable blindness in the world. The risk of developing microvascular diabetic complications increases in diabetic patients with an inc

• In addition unconventional mechanisms of internalization can

  2024-05-21

  

  In addition, unconventional mechanisms of internalization cannot be ignored. It is generally believed that the conventional homologous internalization of a GPCR depends on the activation of G proteins, since GRK activation requires the pre-activation of G proteins (Fig. 2). Feng et al. demonstrated

• Epidermal growth factor EGF has been shown to increase the

  2024-05-21

  

  Epidermal growth factor (EGF) has been shown to increase the 12S-lipoxygenase mRNA level by about two-fold in human epidermoid carcinoma A431 cells [71]. This enzyme was shown to be of the platelet-type and associated with the microsomal fraction of the cells [71], [72]. A requirement for EGF recept

• We found evidence of the interaction between AR and hemiacet

  2024-05-21

  

  We found evidence of the interaction between AR and hemiacetals by evaluating the effect of glucose on l-idose reduction. l-idose was recently proposed as the best AR substrate able to mimic glucose [38]. This aldose is structurally very closely related to d-glucose, from which it differs only in th

• Despite functional studies demonstrating the role of HT in u

  2024-05-20

  

  Despite functional studies demonstrating the role of 5-HT in ureteral contractility, the source of endogenous 5-HT in the ureter is unclear. Since 5-HT-containing enterochromaffin cells, which are present in the gastrointestinal tract, could not be found in the ureter (Nocito et al., 2007, Ripoche,

• The inhibition of the exacerbated inflammatory response that

  2024-05-20

  

  The inhibition of the exacerbated inflammatory response that follows injury may be an alternative approach to induce a more efficient repair [17,83]. In line with that, 5-LO is one of the most consolidated targets for dampening inflammation, mainly through the therapeutic effects of 5-LO inhibitors

• However although in vitro studies

  2024-05-20

  

  However, although in vitro studies in heterologous systems have provided very important indications of potential novel pharmacology, the studies with endogenous receptors in native tissues are essential to provide evidence for GPCR heteromerization in vivo and to confirm its physiological relevance.

• br Identification of the kinase that

  2024-05-20

  

  Identification of the kinase that phosphorylates P450c17 The first Ser/Thr kinase that phosphorylates P450c17 was identified only recently. Of the 518 kinases in the human ‘kinome’ 278 are Ser/Thr kinases (Manning et al., 2002), but microarrays identified only 145 Ser/Thr kinases in human NCI-H29

• br Acknowledgement This work was funded by

  2024-05-20

  

  Acknowledgement This work was funded by NIH/NINDS grant number NS080967 to C. Waites. Introduction Macro-autophagy also called autophagy is a conserved pathway for the lysosomal degradation and recycling of intracellular materials. It is instrumental for the homeostasis of cells and tissues a

• In many cells AR mediated activation of PLC

  2024-05-20

  

  In many Fmoc-Hyp-OH australia α1-AR mediated activation of PLC has been shown to be the downstream process for NA-induced signalling. The activated PLC initiates subsequent signalling by breakdown of PIP2 to IP3 and DAG (Fisher and Agranoff, 1987) and the process continues. To confirm if such mecha

• br The role of LOX plays in autophagy

  2024-05-20

  

  The role of 12/15-LOX plays in autophagy Autophagy is a process by which cellular material is delivered to lysosomal to degrade the damaged organelles and proteins to facilitate nutrient recycling (Towers and Thorburn, 2016). There has been characterized three types of autophagy-macroautophagy, m

• Exposure to cisplatin with ATR inhibitor resulted in an

  2024-05-20

  

  Exposure to cisplatin with ATR inhibitor resulted in an increase in cisplatin-DNA adducts, especially in cells with ATM deficiency. This finding indicates that suppressing ATR-Chk1 signaling with VE-822 enhances cisplatin activity by enabling the drug to form DNA adducts. Therefore, VE-822 may incre

• br Ataxia telangiectasia and Rad related

  2024-05-20

  

  Ataxia–telangiectasia and Rad3 related as a therapeutic target Several concerns revolving around functional inhibition of ATR have hindered the exploitation of ATR as therapeutic target in cancer therapy and delayed the development of specific ATR kinase inhibitors. It was anticipated that pharma

• There are however concerns of potential side

  2024-05-20

  

  There are however, concerns of potential side-effects that should also be taken into account. Even though some studies pointed towards a potentially greater radiosensitising effect in p53-deficient tumours, ATM inhibition radiosensitises CTPB receptor in general, which raises the concern of normal

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